Home to about 15 million of Pakistan’s estimated 240 million people, according to the 2023 census, Balochistan remains the country’s poorest region despite being rich in natural resources such as coal, gold, copper, and gas. These resources generate substantial revenue for the federal government.

The Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) has evolved into a more sophisticated and lethal militant group, executing precise and audacious attacks. The recent hijacking of the Jaffar Express highlights their strategic capabilities and the ongoing issues of alienation,