According to molecular biologist Leslie Orgel ... which certainly lacked such sophisticated protein machinery as the ATP synthase. There are a few possible abiotic mechanisms, presently under ...

of ATP synthase. A connecting shaft causes the upper motor (F1) to rotate While synthesizing ATP. This two-motor-like molecule, which has great likeness to an actual macroscopic motor, can also be run ...

In addition, although the molecular structures of the two units that make up the twin motor are similar to ... are thought to have evolved from ATP synthase," Professor Miyata explained.

The gradient created by this drives hydrogen back through the membrane, through ATP synthase. As this happens, the enzymatic activity of ATP synthase synthesiszes ATP from ADP. Mitochondria are ...

catalyses the breakdown of ATP and Cellulose synthase: catalyses the formation of cellulose from glucose molecules Hormones Communication between different parts of the body. Hormones are released ...