have been known to cause myocardial ischemia especially when the anomalous artery is located between the aortic root and the ASD closing device. Several series have reported different percentages ...

The second heart sound is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves ... it almost always indicates an atrial septal defect (ASD). A fixed split S2 occurs when there is always ...

Midsystolic murmurs — also known as systolic ejection murmurs, or SEM — include the murmurs of aortic stenosis ... Note that the murmur of an atrial septal defect (see below) is also ...