We've long relied on lithium-ion batteries for long-term energy storage, but they can be expensive to produce and maintain ...

A water softener reduces the dissolved calcium, magnesium, and to some degree manganese and ferrous iron ion concentration in ...

Heavy-ion therapy, one of the most advanced radiotherapy techniques, has proven to be more effective than conventional X-rays and proton radiation in ...

In a sodium-ion battery, sodium ions carry the charge, and the negative electrode is made up of common materials like iron, ...

The Fe(III) that is produced exists as an Fe 3+ ion in acidic environments, or as solid Fe(III)-minerals (Figure 2) in neutral or slightly alkaline environments. The movement of iron through the ...