987-996 (10 pages) Ejection of excavated manganese (Mn)-laden particles from anoxic subsurface sediment onto an oxic sediment–water interface by infauna and by other physical disturbances triggers ...

Microbes on Earth can use the many oxidation states of manganese as energy for metabolism; if life was present on ancient Mars, the increased amounts of manganese in these rocks along the lake ...

"On Earth, these types of deposits happen all the time because of the high oxygen in our atmosphere produced by ...