I fail to recognise how the validity of the thermodynamic basis of the law of osmotic pressure can be shaken; and though the idea of ionic dissociation in solutions is an additional hypothesis ...

272), seems only to require for its solution the relation between density and pressure for the fluid at the temperature of the experiment, when this relation for small densities becomes that of an ...

In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property, that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter.