The energy-flow paradigm begins with energy from the sun being converted into autotrophic ... secondary production as the flow leaving one trophic level and entering (being ingested by) the ...

Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems. Trophic cascades occur when predators limit the density and/or behavior of their prey and thereby enhance ...

The Sun is the original source of energy for almost ... The different stages in the feeding sequence are also referred to as trophic levels. Producers are trophic level 1; primary consumers ...

The Sun is the original source of energy for almost ... The different stages in the feeding sequence are also referred to as trophic levels. Producers are trophic level 1; primary consumers ...